Where Sweatshops Are a Dream - 917 Words

Rhetorical Analysis â€Å"Where Sweatshops Are A Dream† In his New York Times opinion column, â€Å"Where Sweatshops Are a Dream†, writer Nicholas D. Kristof uses his experience living in East Asia to argue his positive outlook on sweatshops. Kristof wants to persuade his audience, Obama and his team, along with others who are for â€Å"labor standards†, that the best way to help people in poor countries is to promote manufacturing there, not campaign against them. He uses Phnom Penh as an example to show why working in the sweatshops is a dream for the families there. They would rather work at a sweatshop than stay in the dangerous garbage dump, searching for something to recycle for change. The writer establishes credibility through his experience†¦show more content†¦This affirms his solution, which is to promote manufacturing in poor countries. In the third paragraph of his argument he used figurative language to really describe the horrible conditions these families in Phnom Penh lived in. Kristof used both metaphors and alliteration to really give the audience clear visuals of the garbage dump. One of the metaphors is, â€Å"It’s a mountain of festering refuse†, which translates to piles of rotting wastes. By writing metaphorically it creates a much more vivid and exaggerated image in our mind. Another metaphor he used was, â€Å"The miasma of toxic stink†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Paragraph 3, pg. 109) which vividly describes the harmful vapors from the decomposing garbage. Continuing that last sentence â€Å"†¦ toxic stink leaves you gasping, breezes batter you with filth, and even the rats look forlorn† (paragraph 3, pg. 109 in), is an example of alliteration. These visual statements (metaphors and alliteration) help Kristof convince his audience that sweatshops are a better option, a way out of poverty. Throughout Kristof’s argument he appeals to both logic and emotions. One example of logos is when he talks about how h e was asked if he would want to work in a sweatshop. Of course his answer was no, but he then says he would rather do that then pull a rickshaw. This displays logic because even though a job at a sweatshop is notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sweatshops769 Words   |  4 Pages Sweatshops. The image the word provokes isn’t a pleasant one. A factory where people work long hours for only a small amount of money isn’t something we like to think about. The article published by The New York Times in 2009 entitled â€Å"Where Sweatshops Are a Dream† however, proposes a different view of these grueling working conditions. The article seeks to transform the view of most Americans from disgust to support for so called sweatshops. When the article was first published in 2009, theRead MoreThe True Cost Of The Garment Industry1017 Words   |  5 Pagesthat sweatshops are ethical and will openly say that they are in support of sweatshop labor. Nicholas Kristof, economist for the New York times writes a story titled â€Å"Where Sweatshops Are a Dream†. Kristof travels to Cambodia where he meets several families in the poorest city of Phnom Penh (Kristof). Many of them dream of getting jobs in sweatshops, 19 year old Pim Srey Rath tells Kristof â€Å"I’d love to get a job in a factory, at least that work is in shade† comparing it to her current job where sheRead MoreMany People Believe That Sweatshops Are Unethical And Exploit1111 Words   |  5 PagesMany people believe that sweatshops are unethical and exploit people working in third world countries. However, economists support sweatshops in third world countries because evidence shows it increases capital, as well as improve the lives of workers by providing higher wages and safer jobs compared to other possible substitutes. Supply and demand economics applies to workers in third world countries who work in sweatshops; the more sweatshops demanded, the more jobs supplied— overall increasingRead MoreAdvantages Of Sweatshops Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesKrischal 1 Ashley Garcia Casas ESL 400 October 27, 2017 Final draft Sweatshops: worth the price? A sweatshop is the place that has a poor working condition, where workers are paid very low wage thought they work for longer hours. A ‘sweatshop’ is defined by the US department of Labor as a factory that violates 2 or more labor laws. Sweatshops are common in poor and developing countries. Basically, they possess three major characteristics – long hoursRead MoreEssay about Human Trafficking987 Words   |  4 PagesMany girls dream of having a better life, so they agree to come across other countries. One of the goal they have is to provide their family financially. However, they never realize that their dreams could be shattered by the crime Human Trafficking. Human trafficking is the illegal trade in human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation. The word trafficking includes the word traffic, which means with transportation or travel. However, the words look andRead MoreThe American Dream1017 Words   |  5 PagesI b elieve the American Dream is living in a house , having a stable job , enough money to do whatever you would like and lastly to live happy. The American Dream is also to go to school and have freedom of speech. America does not provide access to the American Dream for everyone because everyone does not have the same opportunities as others to go to school and have a good job, in America people discriminate others of different race and for being a woman. Through Yezierska and Noda , we come toRead MoreThe Structural Failure Of The Rana Plaza Collapse Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Bangladesh is one of the world s most densely populated countries, with its people crammed into a delta of rivers that empties into the Bay of Bengal (BBC, 2015). Poverty is widespread, where many people suffer from malnutrition, especially in the rural areas. The structural failure of the Rana Plaza collapse, an eight-story commercial building, occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka, Bangladesh. This resulted in 1,137 confirmed dead at Rana Plaza, and over a yearRead MoreEssay on Disney’s Capitalization on American Roots1658 Words   |  7 Pages The American dream has always been the driving force behind everything we as a country do from settling the new frontier to industrialization. That is what drove two brothers, Walt and Roy Disney, to start their own production company in 1923. In 1928 Mickey Mouse was created and would become one of the most iconic images not only in America but around the world. These iconic ears aren’t always happy images though as described in Friedman’s essay Revolution is U.S. where he relates Mickey MouseRead MoreControversies with the Walt Dinsey Company1471 Words   |  6 Pagestheir famous cartoon movies and television series, but because of the way they create new products out of them, whether it be a stuffed animal of Simba, or a theme park ride named after â€Å"Dumbo†. Disney has created the global image of happiness and where â€Å"Dreams Come True.† However, over The Walt Disney Company’s long and successful past, they have created some controve rsy along the way that have left the world with a bad taste in their mouth. One controversy that hurt Disney’s reputation on an internationalRead MoreThe Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Worker Policies1699 Words   |  7 PagesAround the 1910s, America was in a time of industrialization where there was the development of factory system and mass production, and the increasing growth rate population. While this transformation may have provided many benefits to Americans, it also carried negative results. For instance, The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, located in Manhattan, New York City, managed by Max Blanck and Isaac Harris, sold shirtwaists, an immensely popular necessity that every women desired to have in their closet

Self Introductory Speech Free Essays

Tewyner Hall Speech 101 Ms. Walton Introductory Speech Jan. 28, 2013 Interrupted at Eighteen â€Å"Where do you see yourself in ten years;† is what my 11th grade teacher asked me. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Introductory Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now I didn’t have the slightest idea as to where I’d be in ten years; I only knew where I didn’t want to be. Unlike, all of my friends at the time I was the only one out of the group that didn’t want to become an adult; this was something that I was secretly afraid of. My dream of staying with my parents for the rest of my life was abruptly shattered at the age of 18 when I found out that I was pregnant. I was on the fast track to adulthood, something I had tried so hard to avoid. When my teacher asked me where I saw myself in ten years, I could only think about where I absolutely didn’t want be. I sat at my desk and pictured myself living with my parents pregnant with a â€Å"hip baby†. I can remember feeling an immediate chill of disappointment and disguiess at the thought of allowing myself to stoop to such circumstances. As a child my father told me that being pregnant, unwed and living with your parents is one of the most embarrassing and disappointing acts that you could commit towards yourself and your parents. Society often stereotyped pregnant unwed mothers as easy, gullible girls that couldn’t keep their legs closed. I did not want to be categorized that way I was too smart for that. I wanted to reside within the comfort of my parents’ home childless of course, and continue to do whatever they told me to do for the rest of my life. I knew exactly where I didn’t want to be yet, I was unsure of where I was going. My teenage years were the best years of my life. I had a large bedroom with wall to wall plush carpet, a bed fit for a princess, a white vanity set for all of my nail polish, a television and a spectacular view of the front and back of the house. I didn’t have to pay any bills or buy food. I had a part time job, a driver license, a car, I was cute and semi- popular. My parents were proud of me. Life was good. I couldn’t understand why teenagers wanted to grow up so fast. When I was seventeen I told my mother that I didn’t want to turn 18 she laughed and said â€Å"The only way you can prevent yourself from turning 18 is if you die at 17†. I was afraid of not being good enough I didn’t think that I was smart enough to be an adult. Becoming an adult meant that you had to pay for everything, you’d have responsibilities, you’d have to endure the daily pressures of life and eventually realize that it’s a â€Å"cold hard world† out there. People are not going to love and care for you like your parents In April of 1999 I went to bed happy, content, and optimistic about my future. When I woke up my fingers and ankles where swollen, my body felt heavy, my stomach was abnormally large and when I turned over there was a hideous monster man in my bed. I was 8 months pregnant and living at home with the father of my unborn child and my parents. My nightmare had come true. My bedroom was dilapidated; I walked over to the room window and whispered to myself â€Å"what a disgrace†. I was scared and ashamed of myself. Although my parents tried to hide it I knew they were heartbroken. My oldest sister would fuel my depression by carelessly blurting belittling remarks to me about my situation. She once asked me â€Å"why you keep having babies in my mama house. † This was exactly where I didn’t want be, But God had a plan for me. As I said before I didn’t have the slightest idea as to where I would be in ten years; I only knew where I didn’t want be. My children were my inspiration to move forward in life. I realized I couldn’t live with my parents forever. I had to become a positive example for my children. I made a list of short term and long term goals for our future. With the relentless support of my parents I began to embrace not only being a mother but an adult also. That was 13 years ago. In â€Å"Straighten Our Hair,† Bell Hooks, she wrote â€Å"It has been only in recent years that I could feel consistent pleasure with my hair†. These feelings remind me of the pleasure and comfort I felt as a child sitting between my mother’s legs feeling the warmth of her body as she combed and braided my hair. † Just like bell hooks I sometimes reminisce on the times when I was a young girl and the feelings of comfort, love, and satisfaction I received from my room and living with my parents. Today I am 33 years old and I can proudly say that I am not where I want be, but I’m far from where I used to be, God has surly worked on me. Thank you all for listening! How to cite Self Introductory Speech, Papers

Why do you want to go to college free essay sample

I’m ready to experience the life of being on my own and have a purpose for what I do so that I can go further than most. Many are happy with their life but only have enough to â€Å"just get by†. But, I don’t want that for myself. College is my opportunity to make something of myself and actually get by and be happy with the knowledge I learn. I will be the second in my family that will be attending college. I am the last born child of the generation of my family, so this would be a major step of change to my family’s generations. Attending college would be my way to express what I want to do and where I want to be in my life. I don’t want to get too caught up in the college life than become a drop out and make nothing of myself; I believe that I have a purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on Why do you want to go to college or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The determination I have now and towards my future tells me that I KNOW I can go future with the help of college. I want to attend college so that I can simply further my education and better my future. I think higher education is a must in this society during this type of economy. The bar has been raised and I think employers are looking for more credential. In order to stand above the rest, you need a degree or something more than just a high school diploma. Ultimately, my goals in college are to gain the skills that I need to lead a successful and productive life, to become well educated in many things, to expand my knowledge of the world, to expand my comfort zone, and to become more proactive. College should be a life changing experience and in fact to encounter myself intellectually grow as a person while in the process. Education is the backbone to life and the more knowledge I possess the more doors that will be open for me to walk through. Being constantly engaged in the learning process will help me remain competitive and relevant in this environment. My ability to embrace new things and use them to my advantage will surely be beneficial in furthering my education and a career. I believe if I work hard, stay focused, and strive for what I believe, I will be rewarded greatly. With all the odds stacked against me, and with the problems going on at home, I am still able to maintain a big smile and a vigilant eye on my school work. One day I will achieve my goals and reach my dreams. One day I could tell my mom that there is no need to worry because the same way I’ll be walking across the stage for my high school graduation I soon will be doing the same at my college graduation. I’m going to make my mother proud. I’m going to show myself most importantly that as long as I stay motivated and determined that I’m going to keep going until I’m ready to stop. I’m going to be somebody!

My Mission on Earth free essay sample

I am here to start the revolution of teenage artists, journalists, photojournalists, and photographers. I am a wave in this ocean, crashing against the steady shore of middle aged writers and media vigilantes. I will continue to fight against the unappealing expectation to â€Å"enjoy being a child†. I will continue to write in my notebook instead of playing kickball with the other kids. Instead of playing with dolls, I will be taking snapshots of the surrounding life forms. My mission is to help other creative teen masterminds pursue their dreams as I am pursuing mine. I wish to inspire those teens to write with everything in their soul. I feel like I am here to help them see their potential. I am here to tell them that they don’t always have to like their writing, but they must believe in themselves. They must keep fighting, or else their love for writing will die out, and a love for writing is a beautiful thing. We will write a custom essay sample on My Mission on Earth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It should be appreciated; not everyone can get that spark or that excitement. And I also believe my mission is to make my name known. I believe everyone’s mission is to leave a mark in some way, to live out their purpose. Mine is to show I am not some random, average teenager; I am not just another black teenager. But I am an intelligent, respectable, and determined African American teenager with a passion for making a name for herself and being a writer. That is my mission on Earth.

Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction.

Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction. Introduction The fact that the environment and the entire ecosystem have been left unstable in the recent times is in no doubt. However what has continued to evoke many debates is whether humans have had a hand in this unfortunate situation, and if so, by what extent. Though many feel that humans have had a thing to do in this and could do much better in sustaining the environment, some feel that this is a natural occurrence and nature should be left to take its course.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores how man has affected the ecosystem, and specifically so through his diet, and what could be done to put the situation back on track. It is essential that human beings balance their diet. A normal human being is required to take 1,200 calories through the three major meal s he/she has in a day .However, in trying to achieve this environment has been left compromised through the following ways. Excessive harvest of animals in search of various meats is leading to their extinction. Animals are the chief source of proteins and fats which human beings are in need of. Fats are very important in body heat regulation. On the other hand, proteins make the body tissues and up to 15-20% of the calories taken should be made up of proteins. Although this is the case, the animal community is being pushed to the extreme in trying to feed the ever growing population. This has been done through directly hunting down animals and robbing them of their habitats as people clear forests and bushes to create farms. Researchers have shown that some animal and fish species risk being swept off the face of the earth if strict measures are not put into place. This is largely due to their nutritional value. Tuna and sharks are some of the fish species that are facing extinctio n due to the nutritional richness their soup contain. However, human exploitation has been so extensive that some species may never be recovered fully and if it does, could take ages. Allendorf and Hard (2012) observe that: Evolution brought about by human harvest might greatly increase the time required for over-harvested populations to recover once harvest is curtailed because harvesting often creates selection differentials, whereas curtailing harvest will often result in less intense selection in the opposing direction. (p. 1) The need for preventive measures being preferred to reinstating measures is therefore important. Looking for alternative protein sources like legumes and exercising controlled and selective animal and fish harvesting should be embraced. Should we fail to do this, we may wake up one day to find nothing to harvest at all.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More Use of excessive fertilizers and pesticides in order to boost production is leading to environmental pollution and ecosystem instability. In order to meet food requirements for humans, different mechanisms have been put in place to increase productivity. Among these mechanisms, use of intensive fertilizers has been majored. This is particularly so because the more the population, the more mouths that require feeding. This is made worse by the fact that cultivation land continues to be limited. On top of the production advantages, Food and Agricultural Organization of The United Nations (1972) has observed that: The intensive use of fertilizer can benefit the environment indirectly in that, by increasing considerably the yields of foodstuffs per hectare, it allows withdrawing from cultivation land of low quality, such as steep land, land with shallow soils and land very susceptible to erosion. (p. 2) However these fertilizers have been employed in excess leading to en vironmental degradation .For starters, excess nitrates in the soil from fertilizers have been carried into rivers and lakes killing lots of organisms in water .Use of pesticides in farms has also interfered with pollination and caused a lot of poisoning in the air killing lots of birds and insects in the air. â€Å"A number of medical specialists have also expressed concern about the undesirable effects of high nitrate intake on human flesh† (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, 1972, p. 7) .It is therefore justifiable to say that although fertilizers and pesticides have been in handy in helping to boost human diet, they have also been poisonous and endangered the lives of many animals, fish, birds and even humans themselves. Food waste also plays a major part in polluting the environment. Most developed countries especially in the west are facing problems dealing with waste that result from food or the entire food that is not eaten but dumped in landfills. â €Å"Once this food gets to the landfill, it then generates methane, a greenhouse gas 23 times as potent as carbon dioxide in trapping heat within our atmosphere† (Schiller, Cambridge M.A, 2010, p.1).Therefore this means that as humans try to satisfy themselves diet wise, they are polluting the environment in the process by not exhausting what they have in their plates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Their benefits aside, human diets are polluting the environment and sending animals to extinction. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Venkat (2012) notes that â€Å"the climate change impact of food as quantified by life-cycle GHG emissions is a more complete measure of environmental impact than embedded energy or barrels of oil.†(p.432).It should also be noted that most food thrown out as garbage has already been cooked and the cooking oil used is filtered into the soil rendering it infertile and unproduct ive. On top of these, emissions evoked by vehicles during the transportation of food waste to landfills also pollute the air. Proper measures should be put into place therefore to reduce the amount of food thrown as garbage. People should therefore make use of freezers to keep food fresher for longer instead of dumping it. People should also be encouraged to only shop food quantities that can be easily exhausted instead of buying large quantities only to end them as garbage. If this is not done, the environment will continue being held at the mercy of food waste. In conclusion, human diets are one of the main reasons behind environmental degradation. This is because of the processes involved in achieving them as well as the result of their achievement as noted above by the implications of food wastage. The key lies therefore in efforts to try to sustain population as its rise has had a lot of negative consequences as mechanisms continue to be drawn to make sure humans are fed with t he perfect diet worldwide. References Allendorf, W.F., Hard, J.J. (2012) Human induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of  America.p1-13. Web. Cambridge, MA, Schiller, M. (2010). How food waste affects our environment. Modern Hippie  Magazine, 1-10 Web. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. (1972) .Effects of intensive fertilizer use on  human environment. Rome: Author. Venkat, K, (2012). The climate change and economic impacts of food waste in the United States. International Journal on Food System Dynami, 431-446. Retrieved from cleanmetrics.com/Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Australian Great Recession Survival

In the year 2008, the major Europe experiences the Global Financial Crisis recession by the name the Great Recession. Most countries with large economies were affected. The recession hit the members of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) like USA and France. Economies in Europe shrank and currencies weakened. The preferred economic interventions failed to work in most economies instead the worse happened. Funnily enough, Australia was never affected by the recession (Bailey and Turok 2016). It remained the single country with advanced International Monetary Fund not affected by the crisis (Bosworth and Rich 2013). Instead, its economy remained stable and vigorous to accommodate its domestic and international demands. The paper aims at evaluating the magic behind the performance of Australian economy during the global crisis.   It discusses the country's intervention policy through the Reserve Bank and the fiscal policy intervention by Federal government tha t maneuvered ways for its stability. It is also objectively looking at the role played by China as a trading partner. China played a role in foreign trade category to ensure the success of the economy.   The paper then draws a conclusion from the results of the discussion to justify the two questions: Did the success of the economy purely dependable on fiscal policy by Federal government, foreign trade and the role of Reserve Bank? Why the three factors did adequately sustain the economy? The study aims to draw conclusions on the roles played by Federal Government, Reserve Bank, and Foreign trade to maintain Australian economic growth at the crisis point. In macroeconomics, the business cycle considered as fluctuations in the production or any other business. It involves expansionary, and contractionary behaviors of an economy. The best determination of a business cycle is GDP. The components of the cycle are; trough, expansion, peak, and contraction. The definition of a recession is a conceptual reasoning pegged on the level and extent of a crisis. The different intensity levels are used portraying the different scope of impact on an economy (Courvisanos et al. 2016). However, a recession is an economic slowdown contributed to reduce spending. It hampers economic growth by introducing inflation, unemployment, and reduced Gross Domestic Product. The recession creates financial hurdles in an economy by negatively affecting all economic sectors.   During a recess, countries take intervention measures to curb the impacts. Among the responses preferred are fiscal policies to increase the spending by reducing tax rate or through monetary policies. Although, there is no guarantee on the effectiveness of measures against the crisis. The government of Australia did a timely intervention to monitor the crisis that had the most terrorizing effects on G7 economies. Before the GFC the country economy was operating at annual GDP of around $1 trillion at the market exchange rate. The GDP level demonstrated the economy as the 14th largest economy in the world. The first intervention policy done by the country focused on the crisis was advocated by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) (Bosworth and Rich 2013. The bold step was taken in around October when the country through RBA announced the cutting of interest rates by 100 basis points. In the same month, the government decided to react proactively by guaranteeing all the bank deposits a wholesale fund at a fee (Doran and Fingleton 2016).   The geared step aimed towards the achievement of a stable financial institution. The government intended to empower the banks through which they could sustain stability hence help secure the country's flow of income (Martin 2012). The intervention placed the banks in a competitive mode, an action that threatened the survival of small-scale banks. The stability in financial sectors eased consumers and business worries on the finances and economic issues. The Federal took the initiative of a private sector risk to reduce the tempo of the economy. The second policy taken by the government was the fiscal policy measure. The system directed the package to the weak sectors of the economy (Foster 2016). The areas covered were the household spending and consumption. The coverage represented a population of around 60%. Thus more people were kept safe by the program (Henry 2014). The housing policy advocated for the grant to first home buyers. The spending level of citizens increased and the GDP rose (Bosworth and Rich 2013. The consumption package had quick bonuses to seniors, and the pensioners. It also valued the low-income earners (Pulla 2013). The high propensity level of the households improved hitting the common target. Apart from risen expenditure, the society had cash to carry out activities. The policy attained the average GDP of average consumers in the economy. At June 2009, the country enjoyed a continuous growth with the fiscal, China trade factor and RBA combined. According to various scholars, the economic growth would not have been hit high without fiscal policy intervention.   The economic status had a loose monetary policy, low exchange rate, and china's trade contribution. In 2009 when the effect of GFC increased on the economies, the government released another discretionary policy. The government meant to develop a program on infrastructure and also improve consumption (Drew 2016). The program covered the projects on the fast constructed infrastructural base to prepare the country for a long term crisis. The retail trade by 2009 brought a turnover of around 5% something that devastated the US and other significant economies. Their retail trade brought a turnover of around 2% and 3%. The outcome variance came due to the stimulus preference by the countries. Australia preferred a stimulus package for consumption and spending that stabilizes spending and consumption in the market. The low-income household got financial supports to meet their purchasing nature (Capon and Reid 2016). Also, the country had better financial regulations fertile for the fiscal policy effected by the government. The good status of its financial system accommodated the measures advocated for on economic activities. The country's cash rates were higher compared to other trading partners, a factor that enabled the stronger economy (Roos 2014). The existed healthier systems blocked the need to outsource for the financial instruments which could have contributed negatively.   In the absence of fiscal policy, the country would have undergone the worst recess in the history.   The countries like the USA that effected monetary policy minus economic policy has been struggling with the crisis impact to date. The GFC collapsed economies of the Australia trading partners. Germany, USA, and France got affected. The country before the GFC had good trade ties with Asia. The large Asia depended on the country's exports such as gold and coal. The USA was also a major importer of Australian exports (Battisti et al. 2013). However, recession left the country with no choice but to trade Asia. The government of China in response to the crisis ordered its banks to borrow and spend. The reaction led to the growth of China economy by around 75% in the year 2009. China's economy grew with expansion in its import demand. Australia began to export its commodities to China and Japan. China being the major importer, increased the Australian export capacity by 10% within five months. The prices attained stability. The export to Asia became more instrumental to the economic growth of the country. The Chinese government created a fertile grounds for Australian trading activities to flourish. The existed high demand on the china's economy on valuable commodities provided the growth gap to the Australian economy. The country had the attentive financial system ready to accommodate and implement changes. The first phase of rectifying the suggesting crisis situations came from the policy of an RBA. The RBA through its first Board meeting GFC proposed the implementation of the cut on the interest rates by 100 basis points.   The cut is a 6% reduction. The RBA followed with the different monetary policy that ensured a fall in the cash rate to 3%.   The rate indicated a decline of 425 points. The reduced interest rates encouraged borrowing among the population (Reed 2016). The effect translated to increased disposable income. Low-income earners got the opportunity to maintain their spending ability consequently improving economy's expenditure on commodities. Reduction of the interest rate created a movement in the AUD dollar. The reduced dollar helped to lessen the impact of lowered global market price on the country's exports. It improved the level of competition of the country's produce and service exports (Buckley et al. 2014). The reduced exchange rate lasted for a short period, though the exchange rate hit 88 US dollars by 2009. The increase demonstrated an appreciation trend. The policy guidelines portrayed by RBA helped the healthy financial sector resist to collapse. Banks and other financial institutions survived the volatility of the financial situations in the global market. Regardless of the challenges, they still made profits (Tang 2015). The Australian market had no toxic assets that killed the world market in most of the Europe countries. The RBA kept reducing the cash rate in early 2009 to cope with the deteriorating economic conditions. The measure aimed at recovering stabilizing financial systems to help improve the functions of the credit market. The country monetary system performed a massive role by ensuring availability of funds in the banks. Australia had enough cash in its financial institutions, with mortgages for emergencies ((Bailey and Turok 2016). Therefore, the policy by the RBA had a motivating reception for implementation. The banks had low arrears and defaulted a factor that hindered exposure to toxic assets in the global financial market. Regardless of the risks associated with accepting wholesale funding, their confidence enhanced the initiative (Tonts et al. 2014). Through evaluation of alternatives, the RBA noticed the importance of using domestic financial institutions instead of looking for borrowings from the foreign institution. Australia survived the great recess getting out developed due to national and international factors. The major contributor to its success relies upon timely and objectively implemented fiscal policy. The stabilization of financial market came with trade advantages in the exchange market. The monetary policy by RBA bettered the sustainability of the stable economy. The discussion on the fortune and other magic factors never contributed to the economic growth of Australia. The country cultivated from its ready policy and proactive strategies. It stole the chances created by the fast-growing economy provide supply to its large demand market. However, the main reason behind the country's success pegged on the fiscal policy that improved spending ability of low-income earners. From the study, it is appropriate for economies to have robust financial institutions that are sound and dynamic. Countries should be ready to challenge emergencies through the use of their strategies without depending on a similar problem-approach style. Bailey, D. and Turok, I., 2016. Editorial: resilience revisited. Regional Studies, 50(4), pp.557-560. Battisti, M., Deakins, D. and Perry, M., 2013. The sustainability of small businesses in recessionary times: Evidence from the strategies of urban and rural small businesses in New Zealand. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(1), pp.72-96. Bosworth, E. and Rich, T., 2013. From optimisation to resilience: The changing nature of the risk reward conversation as seen through Westpac's capital and liquidity management policies. Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 6(2), pp.160-166. Buckley, R.P., Weber, R.H. and Dowell-Jones, M., 2014. A Swiss finish for Australia? Approaches to enhancing the resilience of systemically important banks. Capital Markets Law Journal, p.kmu030. Capon, S.J. and Reid, M.A., 2016. Vegetation resilience to mega?drought along a typical floodplain gradient of the southern Murray?Darling Basin, Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 27(5), pp.926-937. Courvisanos, J., Jain, A. and K. Mardaneh, K., 2016. Economic resilience of regions under crises: a study of the Australian economy. Regional Studies, 50(4), pp.629-643. Doran, J. and Fingleton, B., 2016. Employment resilience in Europe and the 2008 economic crisis: insights from micro-level data. Regional Studies, 50(4), pp.644-656. Drew, J., 2016. A Tale of Two Jurisdictions: A Focus on the Effect of Regulatory Constraints on Municipal Resilience in Australia. Building governmental financial resilience under austerity–an international perspective. Foster, J., 2016. The Australian growth miracle: an evolutionary macroeconomic explanation. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40(3), pp.871-894. Graziano, A., Cirillo, N., Pallotti, S., Cricenti, L., Romano, F. and Aimetti, M., 2014. Unexpected resilience to experimental gingivitis of subepithelial connective tissue grafts in gingival recession defects: a clinical–molecular evaluation. Journal of periodontal research, 49(4), pp.527-535. Henry, K., 2014. Public policy resilience and the reform narrative. Public Policy, p.16. Martin, R., 2012. Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks. Journal of economic geography, 12(1), pp.1-32. Pulla, V., 2013. Contours of Coping and Resilience: the front story. Perspectives on Coping and Resilience, pp.1-21. Reed, D., 2016. Resilience is the name of the game. Architecture Australia, 105(3), p.86. Roos, P.B., 2014, January. Design with nature: a proposed model for coastal settlements in Australia adapting to climate change and extreme weather events. In UHPH 2014: Landscapes and ecologies of urban and planning history: Proceedings of the 12th Australasian Urban History Planning History Conference (pp. 649-664). Australasian Urban History/Planning History Group and Victoria University of Wellington. Tang, S.H.K., 2015. Does Research and Development Intensity Enhance Industrial Growth Performance during Economic Downturns? Inter?Industry Evidence from Australia. Australian Economic Review, 48(3), pp.243-257. Tonts, M., Plummer, P. and Argent, N., 2014. Path dependence, resilience and the evolution of new rural economies: Perspectives from rural Western Australia. Journal of Rural Studies, 36, pp.362-375.

Cultural Diversification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Diversification - Essay Example For the selection of the class I would observe, I imposed two criteria: a) the class should have a cultural mix of Latino, Asian and African language minority students and b) the academic achievement of these students is profound. Communication between teachers and students and among fellow students was recognizably more than what might be expected in a regular classroom. Individualized activities such as worksheets and large group discussions were very minimal. The teacher employed a "learning center" approach where students are formed into groups not more than eight. Group projects are then given and the teacher travels about the room to assist the groups in their activity and to clarify the student's role in the assignment. This strategy provided a very informal family-like social setting where the teachers serve as the guiding head and each group member a reliable brother/sister to other members of the group. These observations made me appreciate Orkwis (2003) when he wrote that the teacher must adapt a teaching method that would include all students and answer to their differences, limitations and abilities. Culturally distinct students usually struggle when they are on their own and when taught in large groups. With the learning center approach, the teacher can assist them more effectively and the students have their group mates fill their limitations. Day 2 The method employed by the teacher for a controversial Science topic was highly interesting. Instead of the usual discussion to class and the worksheet exercises, the teacher initiated a student-to-student interaction. The students were made to ask other students hard questions and it was observed that done this way, other students were more readily to answer and challenge other answers. The teacher's only role was to make sure that the discussion does not go off the topic and that the students arrive at the right answers. I have observed that this was very effective in terms of increasing student participation and involvement with the subject at hand. Cummins (1991) wrote that effective education of culturally and linguistically diverse students could be enhanced by encouraging student-student talk in a collaborative learning context. As I have observed such measure was indeed very effective not only in increasing student involvement but also in interaction among students. They were more likely to seek assistance from fellow students and were more successful in obtaining it. In other words, this method was eliminating the feeling of alienation usually felt by culturally distinct individual. Day 3 Aside from the two previous observations, it was also observed that teachers were very open to cultural discussions. The teachers would even prod students to form a connection with the topic and their culture. Questions like what equivalent term do they have for a certain word or what they practice in their culture were being asked. The students undergo transition from writing in their native language to the English language without much pressure from the teacher. With regards to their literacy development, one can note that it was very high. This may be due to the increased appreciation of topics by

Potter Five Forces Analysis Of NYC Chauffeurs VIP Assignment

Potter Five Forces Analysis Of NYC Chauffeurs VIP - Assignment Example In spite of the strategic management process developed by the organization management policy and goals, the success of the company was limited because of the existing competition especially from new companies investing in the chauffer industry. The introduction of new services by competitors and new business ventures in the next years will affect the revenue of the company. The perception that the company will be able to wade the storm because of its past expansion record is unfounded because of the increasing competition and the inflation affecting the consumers. There are several competitors who will affect the revenue collection of the company. The main competitors in the market include the iDriveYourCar.com and the chauffernewyork services. The iDriveyourcar.com offers rental services for vehicles without offering drivers if the consumer only needs the car. The offering of flexibility in car hire increases the competition for the company because of variety and diversity. Threats from substitutes There are several substitutes to the product range provided by the company. The products are from competitors such as city taxi services and buses which offer cheaper services to the consumer. Latest changes in the transport sector and existence of other market share leaders such as MTA Company and other companies introduce substitute to the transport system offer by the VIP limo service. The company is faced with a serious challenge from cost effective service delivery companies which do not offer high end products such as the limo but have focused on cheaper alternatives such as bus transport. These companies offer substitute services that pose a serious challenge for the NYC Chauffeurs VIP company. The substitute services are cost effective and readily accessible thus a threat to the growth and expansion of the NYC Chauffeurs VIP company. Competition The chauffeur industry has several companies especially in New York. These companies include New York Chauffeur, Chauffeured Service s and Chauffeur New York. These are the main source of competition. Stiff competition is from Chauffeured Service and iDriveyour Car.com. Chauffeured services have been in the market for over one decade making it have loyal customers and brand presence and strong brand image. Other companies are also venturing on Limousine industry have developed strategic plans to increase the market share of their respective companies. Competition for the companies is stiff and any delay or drop in the level of service delivery will lead to serious loss of revenue. The competition has been moved into the social media marketing. The use of social media platform has encouraged feedback collection and service improvement. However, social media has also led to serious competition between the companies. Buyer power This is an external factor. The number of customers willing to buy the product or service is dependent on their income, which is affected by inflation and other economic factors. These facto rs affect the level and quality of service that the customer will require from the company. During the financial meltdown, the service volume requested by the customers changed significantly resulting in the drop in revenue collection. Price differences and change can force the company revenue to decline

Purpose of Art Essay Example for Free

Purpose of Art Essay The quote â€Å"Anyone who says you can’t see a thought simply doesn’t know art† by Wynetka Ann Reynolds. Reynolds is saying in this quote that you need some thinking or imaginations to see or do art. I think, If someone can’t see and figure that out, how can he draw or write music ? . In this quote Reynolds is saying that the purpose of art is thinking, like an imagination, imagination is the true inspiration of art. Without imagination we can’t have art. Also without imagination other items like philosophy itself cannot exist. The Art needs imagination or thinking. Art Should need imagination, for example, young children draws something unexpected, interesting even surprising for old peoples point of view, because they have lot of imaginations. Like they draws about speaking birds, talking dogs, those imaginations will give them more inspiration which eventually led them to be creative. A photographer must imagine what the end result will look like before snap the picture. Writer must imagine what his reader will see or comprehend when they have finished reading the article. Musician, whether creating a musical piece or plying an existing piece, must imagine what the music looks and sound like, and what those who hear it will hear, see and feel. Any form of art MUST involve imagination. Imagination is used in all aspects of life. Every inventor, artist, doctor, architect, â€Å"all people† use imagination. You have to be a creative thinker to produce anything. Which did not exist before It takes vision, imagination and intelligence to implement a new concept. The Artists should use imagination to talk or express their thought. Without imagination art itself cannot exist, it just will be one of copying thing without creativity.

The tragical history of Doctor Faustus Essay -- English Literature

The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowe's best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. Introduction: The tragical history of 'Doctor Faustus', which followed in the wake of 'Tamburlaine', is acclaimed by all as Marlowe's best play in which the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders. The idea of a passionate struggle to reach beyond the grasp of ordinary mortals as its theme Marlowe takes this old story of the medieval magician who sells his soul to the Devil for twenty four years of pleasure and the gift of all knowledge and gives it a significance as in to that of such world old myths as Eve's eating the apple and Prometheus' defiance of Gods. Hence, making the Faustus legend a symbol of humanity's splendid struggle to reach the stars, as well as a tragedy of infinite aspiration ending in agony and remorse. Inspite of the critics and scholars being one in their opinion to recognize Christopher Marlowe's 'Doctor Faustus' as one of the masterpieces of British drama there cannot be any denying the fact that the most glaring weakness of 'Doctor Faustus' lies in the lack of a well knit or an organic plot. Aristotle's definition of Tragedy: According to Aristotle 'Tragedy' in the real sense is an imitation of an action that is complete, and whole, and of a certain magnitude; The beginning, called by modern critics the incentive moment, must start the cause-and-effect chain but not be dependent on anything outside the compass of the play meaning that its causes are downplayed but its effects are stressed. The middle, or climax, must be caused by earlier incid... ...d are laid bare. Conclusion: Hence the fact remains that 'Doctor Faustus' is unquestionably a masterpiece by Christopher Marlowe and one of the greatest and the most powerful tragedy to be written before Shakespeare inspite of its flaws and limitations. But at the same time it is also clear that though the beginning of the play just like the end has been perfectly executed but the middle portion is weak and does not serve its purpose. As Levin puts it: "The structural weakness of the plot however corresponds to the anti-climax of the parable; it lays bare the gaps between the bright hopes of the initial scene and the abysmal consequences of the last". Therefore, the statement that Doctor Faustus has a beginning and an end but no middle can be accepted to some extent as the middle portion though existing is not relevant to the development of the play.

A Critical Appreciation of Frost’s ‘The Oven Bird’

The Oven Bird is a pessimistic sonnet. The octave seems to describe mid-summer and how it is past its best. Whereas the sestet, which is marked by a rhyming couplet, brings a change, as Frost looks toward what will come in the future, and how to live with a life that is past its best. The bird sings ‘Loud' and predicts the inevitability of mid-summer turning into fall. Gloomy descriptions are used even though it's the middle of summer and everything should be bright and cheerful, ‘he says that leaves are old and that for flowers/ Mid-summer is to spring as one to ten'. The endstop after ‘ten', makes the fact that there are not as many flowers in summer as there are in spring, very definite and quite blunt. Even though winter is along way off, lots of nature is already past its best: The early petal-fall is past, When pear and cherry bloom went down in showers On sunny days a moment overcast The speaker constantly focuses on the shadows, although it is only a ‘moment', so much destruction seems to happen in it. While it's still mid-summer, the bird is already anticipating fall as he says ‘and comes that other fall we name the fall'. Perhaps in this poem Frost is talking about Darwin. The oven bird could be used to represent Darwin. Frost says ‘there is a singer everyone has heard'. Around the time Frost was writing, Darwin was teaching his theory, he was famous and everyone had heard of him. By placing ‘loud' at the beginning of the line and putting a comma after it, Frost focuses on this word, emphasising that Darwin is shouting and telling everyone about his theory. Frost then goes onto say the bird ‘makes the solid tree trunks sound again'. This could possibly be Darwin questioning all and bringing a new uncertainty to life. If we continue with the Darwin idea, perhaps when Frost refers to ‘that other fall we name the fall', he is referring to Adam and Eve and the fall of mankind. This is then followed by the bird saying ‘the highway dust is overall'. Read also Critical appreciation of the poem â€Å"Old Ladies’ Home†. The highway might represent mans progress and new scientific knowledge and how this now covers everything, nature and religion. Frost says, ‘the bird would cease and be as other birds/ but that he knows in singing not to sing'. I think this could mean that the bird is not as exuberant as other birds in spring, but he sings in mid-summer and knows the future isn't necessarily something to look forward to. With Darwin's new theory, the old certainty has been taken away and replaced by something new and radical that makes the future unsettling. The poem finishes on an unsure note as Frost says, ‘The question that he frames in all but words/ is what to make of a diminished thing'. Frost might be saying that, although life is past its best, like summer, how can we make the most of it? This is very characteristic of Frost's poetry, with Frost leaving the reader to make their own interpretation and decide for themselves. Although the tone of the last two lines is elegiac and ‘diminished thing' sounds very negative, Frost also asks ‘what to make' of it and this sounds more positive as though this is just a new, exciting challenge to face. The Oven Bird is also similar to Frost's other poetry because he uses nature to put across an idea. The Oven Bird is an unusual sonnet, Frost uses an old, accepted poetry style to express these new and bold ideas, the unconventional rhyme scheme also helps to emphasise these new ideas. This is another quality of Frost, to take a certain style of poetry and make it his own.

From Bondage to Freedom (Fredrick Douglass)

From Bondage to Freedom In the early days of slavery, Frederick Douglass published a narrative that will be forever remembered in history. â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is a recount of the harsh life on the plantations before his escape to New York. He describes the senseless acts of cruelty on the part of the masters, as well as the degraded lives of the slaves. This narrative provides a powerful description how ignorance was used as a tool for slavery, the damaging effects on slaves and slave owners, and the knowledge to the path of freedom for African Americans.Although the journey that Douglass suffered through was hard and extensive, he made his mark in the world and it is still appreciated today. Frederick Douglass was born in a slave cabin, in February, 1818, close to the town of Easton, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Frederick Douglass, whose full name is Frederick Augustus Washington Baily, was abandoned by his mother when he was just a baby an d then was raised by his grandparents. Douglass never knew his father and according to him and nearly everyone, â€Å"†¦opinion was also whispered that my master was my father† his father figure was a white man ( NLOFD, 1).When Douglass was around the age of six, his grandmother took him to the plantation of his master and left him there. He stayed there with his master for about two years then he was relocated around the age of eight where he was sent to Baltimore to live as a Page 2 houseboy with Hugh and Sophia Auld, relatives of his master. Not long after his arrival his new mistress taught him the alphabet. The lessons soon came to a cease when Hugh said â€Å"learning will spoil the best nigger in the world† (Chapter 6).When her husband forbade her to continue her instruction, because it was unlawful to teach slaves how to read, Frederick took it upon himself to learn. This marked the turning point when Frederick Douglass started to become a man. Frederick D ouglass’ narrative was written to expose how ignorance was used as a tool for slavery. He shows how white slaveholders maintain slavery by keeping their slaves ignorant and oblivious to society. At the time Douglass was writing, many people believed that slavery was a natural state of being.They believed that blacks were incapable of participating in civil society and thus should be kept as workers for whites. Mr. Auld, Douglass’ master, makes this evident by stating† A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master-to do as he is told to do. † Slave owners would keep slaves unaware of simple things such as birth names and birth dates. Douglass shares his grief of not knowing his age by stating â€Å"A want of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages.I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege. I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it. †(Chapter 1) The master withheld this information because things like birthdays give a person self-identity. Self-identity leads to self-worth, and this was not a desirable quality to have in a slave if you're a slaveholder. They also controlled the language of the slaves by annihilating the mother tongue. This limited the Page 3 communication between slaves and controlled interaction also kept uprising and revolt to a minimum.Literacy and formal education of slaves was not allowed . The more a slave knew about the language of another country the more he is able to move through all levels of that society. Slave owners believed that their captives would learn their secrets, and would be slaves no more. Slave owners could not fool a slave that knew their language, and being a fool is one of the basic ingredients to the conservation of the slavery system. Douglass reveals the damaging effects on slaves through various angles. He describes Aunt Hester’s brut al beating by Mr.Plummer most vividly stating â€Å"He then said to her, â€Å"Now, you d——d b—-h, I'll learn you how to disobey my orders! † and after rolling up his sleeves, he commenced to lay on the heavy cow skin, and soon the warm, red blood came dripping to the floor. † The treatment of slaves as property is another subject the author focuses on. He highlights that slave owners believed that their captives were not human and were not treated as such. He also describes how slaves were often passed between owners, and how family separation severed bonds. Douglass’ describes his own pain by expressing â€Å"I eceived the tidings of [my mother’s] death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger† (Chapter 1). Slaveholding was destructive not only to slaves but to slave owners as well since the corrupt power that the slave owner enjoyed over their slaves had a harmful effect on the slave owners moral health. Before slavery corrupts Sophia Auld’s good nature, she is a kind, affectionate person. She is corrupted by slaveholding when her husband said to her â€Å"if you teach Page 4 that nigger how to read, there would be no keeping him. It would forever unfit him to be a slave.He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his master† (Chapter 6). This treatment of slave led the slave masters down a path to destructive moral health that would not be accepted in today’s society. Just as slave owners deny slaves of knowledge and education, slaves must seek education and knowledge in order to chase freedom. Douglass gains this knowledge by reading a book called The Columbian Orator, which contains a philosophical discussion between a master and a slave. In the dialogue, the master lays out the argument for slavery, and the slave disproves each point, eventually convincing the master to free him.After Frederick Douglass reads The Colombian Orator, he realizes the truth about ignorance, freedom, and knowledge. Douglass writes, â€Å"It was this everlasting thinking of my condition that tormented me. There was no getting rid of it. [†¦] The silver trump of freedom had roused my soul to eternal wakefulness† (Chapter 7). Douglass also describes his path to freedom. He clarifies, however, that this section of the book does not describe the exact means of his escape. He does not want to give slave owners any information that would help them prevent other slaves from fleeing to the North.Though he does not give a physical description of how to escape from slavery, he does inspire slaves to gain the knowledge to one day seek the path to freedom. The â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass† shows how white slaveholders perpetuate slavery by keeping their slaves ignorant, the damaging effect of slaves, and also how slaves must seek knowledge and education in order to pursue freedom. The novel lets t he readers Page 5 feel the cruelty and hardship of Douglass’ life. Douglass’ writing reminds people of the harsh reality of slavery, and what it takes to overcome the circumstances.

Free Essays on Fall Line

The Fall Line The Fall Line is the boundary where the Atlantic Coastal Plain ends and the Piedmont Plateau begins. The US Geological Survey calls the Fall Line a â€Å"†¦low east-facing cliff paralleling the Atlantic coastline from New Jersey to the Carolinas, â€Å" (The Fall Line). At the Fall Line, the elevation of the hard erosion resistant rocks of the Piedmont drops into the sedimentary flat coastland. Water, draining from the Appalachians, accumulates into rivers and streams that cross the Plateau and form numerous waterfalls and rapids at the Fall Line before washing into the Atlantic. This natural barrier and the water that falls off of it affected the patterns of settlement and influenced the economic and political atmosphere of colonial America. When the first British colonist traveled to America, they sailed in a fairly direct westerly course that brought many of them to the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Along the coastline they found numerous islands, peninsulas, bays and river estuaries. These natural harbors would become the main ports of shipping and immigration (An Outline of American Geography). Although the Fall Line was an impediment to water travel for the early colonists, it was a good source of power for water powered industries. Settlements were established at the falls and rapids. As the interior was settled and goods began to be transported on the rivers to and from the ports, to cross the Fall Line required stopping to unload the goods and change to another type of transportation. At these points cities grew including New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Richmond. Wheat production and flour milling were the most important industries of the early colonies and Philadelphia was the number one flour exporting city of America. The shipping and milling merchants became wealthy and powerful. They dominated the Pennsylvania government. The rich farmland of the Chesapeake fueled the growth of Richmo... Free Essays on Fall Line Free Essays on Fall Line The Fall Line The Fall Line is the boundary where the Atlantic Coastal Plain ends and the Piedmont Plateau begins. The US Geological Survey calls the Fall Line a â€Å"†¦low east-facing cliff paralleling the Atlantic coastline from New Jersey to the Carolinas, â€Å" (The Fall Line). At the Fall Line, the elevation of the hard erosion resistant rocks of the Piedmont drops into the sedimentary flat coastland. Water, draining from the Appalachians, accumulates into rivers and streams that cross the Plateau and form numerous waterfalls and rapids at the Fall Line before washing into the Atlantic. This natural barrier and the water that falls off of it affected the patterns of settlement and influenced the economic and political atmosphere of colonial America. When the first British colonist traveled to America, they sailed in a fairly direct westerly course that brought many of them to the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Along the coastline they found numerous islands, peninsulas, bays and river estuaries. These natural harbors would become the main ports of shipping and immigration (An Outline of American Geography). Although the Fall Line was an impediment to water travel for the early colonists, it was a good source of power for water powered industries. Settlements were established at the falls and rapids. As the interior was settled and goods began to be transported on the rivers to and from the ports, to cross the Fall Line required stopping to unload the goods and change to another type of transportation. At these points cities grew including New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Richmond. Wheat production and flour milling were the most important industries of the early colonies and Philadelphia was the number one flour exporting city of America. The shipping and milling merchants became wealthy and powerful. They dominated the Pennsylvania government. The rich farmland of the Chesapeake fueled the growth of Richmo...

System enginnering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

System enginnering - Essay Example While artistic concepts have been retained from pre enlightenment period, analytical concepts of engineering are modern. One of the systems engineering principles that Griffin applies in his paper is maintenance of â€Å"integrity of the system† to ensure purpose (Leffingwell and Widrig, p. 69). This is expressed in his argument that failure is inevitable in processes and cannot be controlled by â€Å"additional processes, safety measures and alerts† (Griffins, p. 5). Consequently, high level of integrity, both in a system’s development process and in the system’s components is essential in successful systems engineering (Griffins, p. 5, 7). This further identifies the principle of identification and management of systems’ needs, instead of establishing control measures to protect and sustain a system (Griffins, p. 5). Griffins’ definition of system’s engineering (p. 6) also identifies the system’s principles of identifying the problem to be solved and client’s needs from the system. He achieves this by identifying the engineering scope that involves satisfying specifications under constraints. He also addresses principles such as developments of, and adherence to plans, exploration of alternatives, and validation of processes through the scientific approach of process analysis (Griffins, p. 5-7; Leffingwell and

Midterm Assignment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm Assignment - Term Paper Example Others have talked of the rise of the erstwhile colonies and their need for increasing their rates of economic growth as reasons for which there would be a lot of competition in the world without there being any significant cases of violence or anarchy. The rise different sources of power in the world would therefore result in the twentieth century being one where there is violence but not of a significant enough magnitude. This means that there would be middle ground that exists throughout the twentieth century. The events that took place in the twentieth century would affect significantly the outcome of the events of the twenty first. For instance, the two world wars that led to the loss of millions of lives would affect the way in which the world views violence. The way the nations of the world would look at collective violence sanctioned by a group of nation states would be different in the twentieth century. This can be seen in the clout that the United Nations has in dealing with decisions in the twentieth century. Even though there are situations where its authority is flouted, the international community more often than not supports its decisions. The mandate of the United Nations is considered to be synonymous with the mandate of the international community. This mandate is more often than not, geared towards the maintenance of peace in the world. This shall lead to situations where it has to be in conflict with certain interests. This shall lead to friction which shall not however, escalate to a condition where the mandate of the international community can or shall be collectively violated. The chances of two fronts forming in the world in the way it was in the twentieth century is not likely. Robert Jackson refers to the impossibility of extreme anarchy or extreme peace in his book Classical and Modern Thought

A close reading of Life is a dream by Pedro Calderon De La Barca Essay

A close reading of Life is a dream by Pedro Calderon De La Barca - Essay Example II. Spanish Society Spanish society, in the Golden Age, was concerned about what was real and what was false. At a time when politics were unstable in Spain, De La Barca sought to capitalize on this national anomaly of sorts. As Clotaldo, the jailer of Segismund said in the play, â€Å"Dreams are rough copies of the waking soul.†1 Therefore, what people dreamed about was not necessarily in vain. They were having dreams for a reason. With the idea that life was a dream, De La Barca was playing with notions of whether the consciousness present in life actually existed in Golden Age Spain. De La Barca, in his play, predicted that Segismund would one day grow up to revolt against his father the King. In chaining Segismund to the floor in a prison, he thought that he could keep his son sequestered, far enough away so that he could not hurt the King. However, this sense of fatalism that the King had felt in terms of his son growing up in the future to one day kill him, scared the Ki ng so much that he decided to do something about it (by chaining up his son). However, as one shall see, the idea of fatalism is a key Spanish value that we shall examine in the next portion which we will be reading. III. Spanish Values Spanish values included an unshakeable sense of fatalism, as Segismund speaks about the illusion and reality present in life—a dualism, if one will. He also speaks of the inevitable end of the world with precocious wit, intimating with a fatalistic sense that his suffering is only temporary. â€Å"Whether wake or dreaming, this I know, How dream-wise human glories come and go; Whose momentary tenure not to break, Walking as one who knows he soon may wake, fairly carry the full cup, so well Disorder'd insolence and passion quell, That there be nothing after to upbraid Dreamer or doer in the part he play'd, Whether To-morrow's dawn shall break the spell, Or the Last Trumpet of the eternal Day, When Dreaming with the Night shall pass away.†2 The Spanish people also believed very much in destiny (â€Å"el destino†) and how it related to their outlooks on life. Believing in destiny, many people in Spanish culture had the specific idea that one was supposed to be somewhere at a specific time in order to fulfill their destinies. As Segismund describes in this soliloquy, â€Å"Once more, you savage heavens, I ask of you— I, looking up to those relentless eyes That, now the greater lamp is gone below, Begin to muster in the listening skies; In all the shining circuits you have gone About this theatre of human woe, What greater sorrow have you gazed upon Than down this narrow chink you witness still; And which, did you yourselves not fore-devise, You registered for others to fulfil!†3 With the idea that values were important in Golden Age Spain—as well can one imagine—also important was the idea of having social mores. These were prescriptive ideals which were vanguards of the values of th e people, which will now be discussed at length. IV. Spanish Social Mores Spanish social mores in the Golden Age were very strict. That is why the King warned Segismund once he approached the kingdom with rage and anger after having been chained up for so many years: â€Å"Beware! Beware! Subdue the kindled Tiger in your eye!†4 The Golden Age was an era of restriction and prudence. If ladies wanted to visit with their beaus, they had to be accompanied by chaperones—

Hominoids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hominoids - Essay Example Another classification involves two tribes, Panini and Homini. Both Pan and Gorilla genera are divisions in the Panini tribe, while Homini tribe includes Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens, better known as human beings belong to the Hominidae family and the Homo genus. Hylobates, Pongo pygmaecus, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla and Homo sapiens are the six different species of Homonoids. Chimpanzees belong to the Pan genus. They spend a considerable amount of time on the ground and inhabit in large complex social groupings. They are specially adapted for knuckle walking. They also indulge in hunting as a group, sharing of food and tool making. They resemble our ancestors in anatomy as well as social behavior and are considered to be our closest living cousins. Orangutans belong to the Pongo genus. They are generalized climbers and are most isolated among the primates. Gorillas are the largest among primates. The male gorilla is larger and stronger than its female counterpart. The male gorilla has exclusive relationships with a group of females and keeps away male rivals from this group. The Old World species exhibit sexual dimorphism as a result of polygynous mating system. Hence, the males are bigger and stronger than the females to attract and sustain the pressure of defending multiple mates.

Performance Of An Organisation Over A Three Year Period

Performance Of An Organisation Over A Three Year Period Topic Area The topic selected for research programme is The business and financial performance of an organisation over a three year period and the organisation chosen to base on research is Sainsbury Plc. It is not appropriate to measure the performance of a business entity in isolation thats why the research will base on comparison of performance of Sainsbury plc with its market competitors, e.g. Tesco Plc over last three years by using different accounting performance measure techniques e.g. Ratio analysis, SWAT analysis. Reason for Choosing Topic Today in volatile market condition due to economic recession famously branded as Credit Crunch businesses are facing tremendous challenges and many big names from every sector e.g. Northern Rock, HBOS Woolworth completely wipe out from market which make it crucial to have external independent business analysis to save the interest of shareholders who are ultimate owner of the business. Having studied ACCA fundamental paper Performance Measurement (F5), professional paper Business Analysis (P3) and option paper Advance Performance Measurement (P5) has equipped me with competence of examines the financial and business performance of business entity most effectively. This is the reason for choosing the above mention topic out of other given topics because skills and knowledge require for this project under this topic I have already studied in detail. Supermarkets are very dominant member of our society who influences a lot in our daily household needs. In the UK food and grocery retailing accounts for nearly 50p in every pound spent in shops. 12.4% of household spending in the UK is now on food, drink and tobacco, compared to 14.3% twelve years ago (1998) and 17.3% twenty two years ago (1988). (IGD, n.d).People prefers supermarkets because of one stop all shop. Sainsbury Plc is among of biggest supermarkets famously known as Big Four Asda, Tesco, and Morrison. The reason for selecting Sainsbury plc for research project because of employed in company for almost five years and have detail knowledge about the company operational activities as well as its strategic performance. About Sainsbury Sainsbury Plc supermarket founded in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury, company started to sell own brand product in 1882 under the category of brand ranges Taste the Difference, Be Good to Yourself, Sainsbury Free form Sainsbury Basic etc which became 50 per cent of Sainsbury turnover in 1950. (Sainsbury Plc, nd). The group operate in three business segments, Supermarket chain, Property development and Sainsbury bank. Sainsbury jointly own Sainsbury Bank with Lloyds Tsb Banking Group and it has two property joint ventures with Land Securities Group Plc and The British Land Company Plc. Sainsbury has a heritage of selling quality food at fair prices. The large stores sell 30,000 products and non-food complementary products. The human capital employed by company almost equal to 150,000 and the online channel of Sainsbury plc available to 90 per cent of UK households. (J Sainsbury Plc, 2010) Company sells other companies products as well its own brand products. The other value added services used by company is Nectar Point loyalty card system. Performance measurement system The performance measurement is a process to obtain information to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of business operation. Different quantitative and qualitative measures use to assess the performance of the organisation. The good performance measurement system should support organization corporate strategy, measure the both financial and business performance, identify the quality and strength of business process and spot the areas where the resources should be allocated to get the competitive advantage. Project Objectives The project objectives for the financial and business performance of the Sainsbury plc are as follow: Analytical review of Financial Performance of Sainsbury plc by comparison with competitor company Tesco Plc over last three years. Identify the key value drivers for any good performance and business issues obstacles the optimal performance. Determine the effect of Economic Recession on the Financial Performance of Sainsbury Plc. Critically evaluate the Strategic Position through analysis of Business Performance of Sainsbury plc and give recommendation based on conclusion How to Make Sainsbury Great Again. Research Questions To meet above mention objectives the following questions will be answered in research analysis. Q1-How competitive Sainsbury Plc performance in last three years in term of Market share and Sale growth compare to its competitor? Q2- What is the effect of economic recession on supermarkets profit and how Sainsbury Plc perform in contrast to its competitors under these circumstances? Q3-Liquidity Does Sainsbury have sufficient resources to meet its current business commitments and what is the change in liquidity in last three years with comparison to competitor? Q4- Gearing-How risky Sainsbury capital structure to justify the assumption of Going Concern Basis and what is change in gearing level in last three years link to its competitor? Q5 -What is strategic position of Sainsbury Plc and what are the critical success factors on which Sainsbury need to focus to get the competitive market advantage? Research Framework PART 2 Information gathering and accounting / business techniques: Primary Data The primary source of data mainly gathers through direct contact with information provider through interviews, meetings and quest nary session. These are very important source of information but there are limitations associate with it e.g. confidentiality issues, timing of available information, and cost to gather these information make them little of use for purpose of research. Secondary Data This is the research already carried out other than user of information which is available publically through different government and private agencies. Secondary data of information is more feasible as compare to primary data because it is not possible to carry out all qualitative and quantitative analysis due to time constraint and the cost associated with collecting that information. Information gathering sources Annual reports The audited annual report of Sainsbury plc and Tesco plc of last three years have been critically analysed and quantitative data collected for various ratio analyses to measure the financial performance of both companies. The director reports and independent auditor reports reviewed to identify the business performance. This is one of the main sources of information regards to both companies performances. Newspapers The newspapers read on daily basis to keep informed myself about any external changes in retail industry and plan of action taken by companies to meet these daily challenges. The newspapers which used in research were Guardian The Financial Times and The Independent. Different articles wrote by financial analysts helped to view the insight of companies and the economic change in the industry. Retail Magazine Various retail magazine also used in research work, the main ones are Sainsbury plc Companys monthly magazine Lets Talk help to gain the monthly up-to-date information about future plans and performance appraisal of different stores. The other magazine which also helped in research were The Student Accountant PQ magazine Sunday Times. Internet The Internet contributed an immense role in research work .Number of websites visited on daily basis for information collecting purpose. This source of information mainly emphasised because of benefits associated with it like, i.e. easy to access to the different kind of information, timely available and cost saving. Kaplan Study Notes Kaplan study notes of different papers e.g. F5 Performance Measurement, F7 Financial Reporting, F9 Financial Management, P3 Business Analysis, and P5 Advance Performance Measurement play vital part for research outcome evaluation and conclusion based on these results. Methods Used to Collect Information Interviews Personally visited the Islington Sainsbury Plc store and spoke to different department managers. Having worked in past in this Sainsbury branch helped a lot in whole process. The permission granted to use the information like company memo and other information which have been given in past in capacity of employee of the company. The personally pre set questions have been asked about the performance of Sainsbury plc, and the feedback of operation managers and HR manager noted. Visited whole premises to get the feel of atmosphere and also directly interviews the customers to know how they perceive the Sainsbury plc and its competitor Tesco Plc. Tesco Plc branch in Leytonstone visited on many occasion to interview the various department managers and the work force at the shop floor to get the information about the company operational structure and their supply chain management. Questions have been asked in changing result in company revenue in each quarter sales and the customer changing attitude affected by economic downturn. Library Regularly visited libraries in Leytonstone and Borough high street to read the books written by different research analysts and the news papers, magazines and many project related research notes on UK retail Grocery. This method of research was very helpful to understand the affects of external factors in the grocery industry. Limitations of information gathering and ethical Issues Many problems faced during information gathering process. The staff members of companies were not willing to share the information because of confidentiality issue; the managers were busy in their daily operational activities which made it difficult to access to the desire people for interview. In addition the interviews with company staffs and customers could be also seen as biased as it was not representing the whole population as people from different geographical ethical background have different perception about subject matter. Furthermore the online research was also a difficult task because of overload and irreverent information came out with different searches. The efforts made to sort out and get the relevant information was time consuming and costly. The authenticity of these information sources also had reservations. How to overcome the above ethical issues? Efforts made to build the confidence of the operational staff of the companies to ensure them that the information provided will only use for research purpose and any information given will only use after the permission of information provider. The previous five years work alliance also played a part to gain the trust of engaged interviewee in Sainsbury plc. The problems faced in relate to authenticity of information sources overcame by only used the information from reliable sources. Accounting and Business techniques and their limitations Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is a most common tool for quantitative analysis of company financial statement by comparing the current year number to budget, previous years results and comparison with industry. Mostly business analysts and potential investors use the ratio analysis to measure the performance of the business. Its a key to determine the relationship between different variable in financial statement. It is easy to calculate and understood by people from non financial background. Limitation of Ratio Analysis The performance measure based on financial ratio analysis tempted manager to short term decision in expense of long term company objectives if the reward based on short term financial performance e.g., cut-off marketing cost which may improve profit in short term but will affect in long term. The ratios are easy to manipulate by Window Dressing and Massaging the Figures (Weaver, 2009) through different accounting policies used. Every company have different economic condition so it is not appropriate to compare them and the accounting policies used by different companies also influence the accounting results. The ratios calculated at particular time may not represent the whole year performance, e.g. effects of seasonal trades and one off transactions. The ratios calculated in isolation are meaningless so it is important to compare the result with preceding years, budget and industry. SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is a tool to analyse the strategic position of the company in term of internal (strengths, weaknesses) and external (opportunities, threats) factors. It assists business in strategy development, how to use internal resources, unique capabilities and core competencies to get the competitive advantage. Threats and opportunities arises everyday because of changes in business internal and external environment but with the help of SWOT analysis if the resources allocate on time at right place the threats can be turn into opportunities and weaknesses can be transfer into strengths. (Kaplan Financial- P3, 2009, pp. 78-79) Limitation of SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis oversimplify the situation by categorise the different situational factors into different class. The categorization of different factors as opportunities or threats, strengths or weaknesses also an arbitrary. People have different views, for example a technology change, or an organisation structure can be an opportunity for one group of people and threat for other group. What is more important is that companies should aware of these changes and use them in their strategic planning to meet the long term objectives of the organisation to increase the wealth of shareholders. (NetMBA, n.d) PART 3 Results, analysis, conclusions and recommendations Note: All of the information used in the graphs presentation has been taken from calculation provided in Appendix. Financial Performance Ratio Analysis Sales Growth Sales growth is the most important factor to measure the market competiveness of any business. Figure 1 Source; (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsburys sales grown-up from 3.99 to 6.02 per cent from 2008 to 2009 but it only increased by 5.57 per cent from 2009 to 2010. Tesco sales grown from 10.92 to 13.95 per cent from 2008 to 2009 but there is huge decline in sales growth of 8.37 per cent from (13.95%) 2009 to (5.58%) 2010 where Sainsbury managed very well and only lose 0.45 per cent as presented in graph. The average sale growth rate of Tesco in last three years is 10.15 per cent which is half way above Sainsbury (5.19%) but it should be keep in mind that Tesco market share is two times of Sainsbury and it is multinational group of companies which can offset the loss of the economic down turn of one country against other country whereas Sainsbury operate in only one country. Figure 2 Source: ( J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statment, 2010,2009 2008) The spin from hybrid strategy towards cost leadership through running campaigns Switch Save Cook Save played a vital part to increase the sales and market share of Sainsbury.Mr Justin King chief executive of Sainsbury said that Sainsbury performance in 2009 was impressive and its surprised many analysts by results because it was expected to find the trading condition tough due to changing attitude of shoppers because of economic recession. The Like-for-like sale to the last quarter 21 March 2009 increased by 6.2 per cent and it served more customers (Samuel, 2009).In 2010 Sainsbury total sales (including VAT fuel) increased by 5.1 per cent, Total sales (including VAT, excluding fuel) increased by 4.3 per cent. The Like-for-like sales increase from 4.3 per cent to 24.4 per cent in 5 years time whereas the total sale increases from 6.7 per cent to 33.9 per cent in 5 year time. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 5) Profitability: Gross Profit Margin An increase in percentage of gross profit is desirable which can be achieved through well managed production cost and increase in sale price or volume. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320) Figure 3 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury Gross Profit (G.P) margin reduced from 5.60 per cent to 5.41 per cent from 2008 to 2010 whereas Tesco gross profit margin increased from 7.67 per cent to 8.10 per cent from 2008 to 2010 as shown in graph. The continuous decline in G.P margin also due to phantom of adverse differential inflation in supermarkets overheads which direct affecting consumer, retailer and economy as whole. (Lex, 2010). Sainsburys cost of sale increased by 6.18 per cent from 2008 to 2009 and 5.63 per cent from 2009 to 2010 whereas sale growth rate is only 6.02 and 5.57 per cent respectively in each year as mention earlier which is not in line with cost of sale and result in G.P margin declined. In addition Sainsburys market penetration strategy in competition of other low prices stores through multi saving offers although increased the company market share but the G.P margin suffered. Net Profit Margin It is the percentage of net profit to sale. A higher net profit margin desirable which can be achieved through efficient cost saving or increasing sale prices. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320) Figure 4 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury Net Profit Margin increased from 2.69 per cent to 3.67 per cent from 2008 to 2010 the period in which Tesco Net Profit margin reduced from 5.92 per cent to 5.58 per cent as projected above. Sainsbury N.P margin reduced in 2009 but they recovered very well and showed improvement on each areas i.e. underlying operating profit increased by 8.9 per cent, underlying profit before tax increased by 17.5 per cent and profit before tax and after tax increased by 57.3 per cent and 102.4 per respectively from 2009 to 2010. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Return on capital employed (ROCE) is a key measure of profitability. It measure the net profit generated through each of $1 invested in the assets. It is the net profit percentage of capital employed. A higher ROCE percentage is desirable which can be achieved through increase net profit margin or decrease capital employed. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320) Figure 5 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury ROCE was not even near to Tesco in 2008 and 2009 but the encouraging factor is that its ROCE continuously improving in this period. It increased from 9.70 per cent to 14.76 per cent from 2008 to 2010 which is excellent performance whereas Tesco suffering a decline in ROCE in this period. Liquidity The liquidity measure the ability of the company to utilize its resources to meet its financial commitments. It is more important to have effective working capital management than profitable business, a profitable business can encounter problem if its run out cash flow. Current Ratio This is the current assets divided by current liabilities which measure the company ability to meet its short term liabilities. A ratio more than $1 is desirable but it varies according to industry type .Continue decline in current ratio or less than industry average indicate the financial difficulties. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 323) Figure 6 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury Current Ratio (0.65:1) was better than Tesco (0.61:1) in 2008 but it reduced by 15 per cent (0.55:1) in 2009 whereas Tesco current ratio improved by 18 per cent (0.77:1) in 2009 as stated above. The cause for this downturn in current ratio of Sainsbury because its total current assets reduced by 7.6 per cent due to the disposal of Non current assets held for sale in 2009 relating to properties in retail operations division, reduced by 91 per cent and reduction in cash and cash equivalents. Sainsbury current ratio come back to 2008 position (0.66:1) in 2010 due to the shortfall in cash and cash equivalent resources fulfilled and more non current assets placed for sale. Inventory Holding Period (In Days) It indicate the average number of days the inventory held in stock. The increase in inventory days shows that the company having problem to sell its stock and risk of obsolete stock increase. A decrease in inventory period is desirable but it should be manage effectively to minimise the risk of stock run out. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 323) Figure 7 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury inventory holding period reduced from 14.76 days to 13.6 days a reduction of 7.9 per cent from 2008 to 2010 whereas Tesco reduced from 20.31 to 19.04 days a reduction of 6.2 per cent in the same period which is a good performance by Sainsbury but what is the optimal inventory holding period for the industry is arguable which is very much dependent on the external factor like customer demand, company warehouse capacity and supply chain efficiency. Receivable Period (In Days) It represents the number of days companies allow to its customers to pay back for goods and services. The shorter receivable period desirable to maximises the cash inflows and reduce the risk of debt irrecoverable. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 324) Figure 8 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) The results presented above in relation to receivable days shows that Sainsbury have very effective credit management policy and allow only four days on average to their customers where as Tesco average period of twelve days which is two times above Sainsbury. Supermarket businesses normally base on cash transaction and during economic recession where people struggling to meet their utility bills allowing them of 12 days credit period increases the risk of debt irrecoverable Sainsbury aware of this fact and the credit period of four days more tolerable. Payable Period (In Days) This is number of days business take to pay back its trade creditors .The increase in payable days suggest that company struggling to pay its creditors on time however it also suggest that business take advantage to the credit offer to them. The decrease is payable days indicate that company ability to pay its creditor improving however it should not pay too early as it a valuable source of finance. it should be manage carefully so that the relation with suppliers are not hurt and where the discount offered for early payments the opportunities avail. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 324) Figure 9 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury on average takes 49 days to payback its trade creditors and Tesco takes 63 days credit which is 22 per cent higher than Sainsbury. It indicate that Tesco struggling to pay its trade creditors on time which also reflected from its gearing position as mention below. Sainsbury payable period increased from 49 days to 51 days from 2008 to 2009 an increase of 2.8 per cent the period in which Tesco increased from 62 days to 64 days an increase of 3.4 per cent. Sainsbury payable period reduced to 48 days in 2010 a decrease of 6.2 per cent from 2009 to 2010 whereas Tesco further increased to 66 days an increase of 3.6 per cent. The reason of this reduction in Sainsbury credit period of 2010 seem to be because of improving cash and cash equivalent resources of Sainsbury as shown in current ratio above but it require further investigation. It could be due to early payment discount opportunity taken or could be suppliers pressure because of economic recession. Risk Assessment Risk can be defined as Opportunity of business to adverse consequences due to uncertain future event. (Kaplan Financial- P3, 2009) Today in volatile market condition it is now even more important that business should have effective risk assessment policy and procedure. Financial Gearing It is percentage of long term debt to equity .If the percentage increases it indicate that business heavily relaying on debt finance to meet its long term needs which increase the level of risk as the interest on debt and capital repayment must be made. The ratio can be improved by using the equity finance for long term investment. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 325) Figure 10 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsburys Financial gearing portfolio much better than competitor Tesco. It only increased from 51 per cent to 62 per cent an increase of 21.7 per cent whereas Tesco increased by 56 per cent from (66.92%) 2008 to (104.4%) 2010which is very risk.It indicate that Sainsbury not much depending on debt finance unlike to Tesco and using retain earning for growth plan which is appropriate risk averse strategy under current financial market conditions where big names like Woolworth already gone from market. Interest Cover It is the operating profit before interest and tax divided by finance cost which indicates the business ability to pay off its finance commitment. If the percentage increase it indicate that the business condition improving but if the percentage decline it indicate it is getting difficult for business to pay off the interest charges. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 326) Figure 11 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury is showing signs of progress in interest cover with the percentage of 4.02 per cent to 4.8 per cent from 2008 to 2010 represent growth of 19.4 per cent from 2008 to 2010.The cause of this improvement is because of improvement in operating profit which increase by 34 per cent profit due to effective management of all operating expenses whereas their competitor Tesco facing expected decline of 46.5 per cent (11.6 to 5.97 percent) in interest cover which is in line with its increasing financial gearing of 56 per cent as seen earlier. Dividend Cover It is the net profit divided by dividend amount. A decrease in the dividend cover indicates that company facing difficulty to pay the dividend to shareholders. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 326) Figure 12 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsburys figure in term of dividend cover improving even though it declined from 1.85 to 1.33 from 2008 to 2009 a reduction of 28 percent due to the fact that net profit in 2009 decreased by 12.2 percent as we seen earlier but Sainsbury maintained shareholders expectation and paid off dividend with growth rate of 22 percent result in decline in dividend cover. The results of 2010 are really impressive the net profit increased by 102 percent as we notice above N.P graph, the dividend grown-up by only 10.6 percent which result in dividend cover increased by 82.8 percent from 2009 (1.33) to 2010 (2.43) while Its competitor Tesco facing decline in dividend cover of 10.4 per cent from 2008 (2.68) to 2010 (2.4). Earnings Per Share (EPS) EPS is the fundamental investor ratio which can be calculated by total earning less preference share divided by total number of share. It determine the profitability of company and widely used by investors. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 327) Figure 13 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury EPS results are showing outstanding performance although it reduced from 19.1 to 16.6 a reduction of 13 percent but Sainsbury recover very well at 32.1p in 2010 which is 93.3 percent improvement from 2009 (16.6p) and left behind its competitor Tesco (29.33p) by 2.8p who was above Sainsbury in 2008 (26.95p) and 2009 (27.14p) by 7.5p and 10.8p respectively as shown in graph. Dividend per Share (DPS) Dividend per share is very important tool for investor which measures what is the dividend company have given of each share it hold. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 327) Figure 14 Source: (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010) Sainsbury DPS ahead of its competitor Tesco each year from 2008 to 2010.It increased from 12p to 14.2p from 2008 to 2010 an increase of 18.3 percent whereas Tesco dividend per share grown up from 10.9p to 13.05p an increase of 23.9 per cent but still behind Sainsbury. Business Performance SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong Brand Value Sainsbury Plc has long history of brand since 1869 and customer loyalty toward Sainsbury brand very strong. It has very dominant geographical presence throughout United Kingdom with 872 stores in which 537 are Supermarkets and 335 Convenience stores. Sainsbury serves 19m customers on average each week and enjoyed market share of 16 percent. Sainsbury is the world largest retailer of fair-trade goods by value. According to annual report of 2010 In UK one in every four pounds spent on fair-trade is spent at a Sainsburys store. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 5) Retail Awards Sainsbury won Supermarket of the Year Award in 2009 and 2007 in retail industry awards. It awarded A rating in Green to the Core survey carried by consumer group due to their customer engagement, fish policies, and sustainable product availability. It is the biggest retailer of Freedom Food (RSPCAs farm assurance and food labelling scheme) by amount and product range. It won CBI Peoples Organisation award because of their HR and people management excellence. Sainsbury won many retail quality awards in 2010 than any other supermarket which include seven out of fifteen categories for value product quality. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 12).In 2010 Sainsbury failed to take the supermarket of the year award run by Talkingretail.com but it secure other three awards of Community Retailer of the Year, Seafood Retailer of the Year and Convenience Chain of the Year for Sainsburys Local. (Dennis, Mike, 2010) Financial Strength Sainsbury Financial position improving as reflected in above analyses which create significant opportunities for future growth. Business created operation cash flow of  £1.2bn in 2010, Net debt reduced by  £122m in 2010 to  £1,549m (2009:  £1,679).Sainsbury Group remain  £3bn funding availability through debt finance which enough to fulfil future ambitions. Sainsburys bank also showed better growth with operating profit increase by  £19m. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 6) Opportunities: Nectar Card Sainsbury Nectar card scheme which launched in 2002 with joint venture of Sainsbury Plc, American Express and B.P (Wikipedia, n.d) have been very successful due to its unique character of customer choice to use the loyalty card on multiple brands unlike competitor Tesco club card which dont allow this freedom of choice. Nectar card scheme is a great opportunity for Sainsbury to evaluate the c